Community dynamics of bumblebee across elevation gradients and habitat mosaics in Chitwan Annapurna Landscape, Nepal

The species composition of bumblebees (Bombus species) across the elevation gradients in Chitwan-Annapurna Landscape (CHAL) was studied from April to November 2019. We performed opportunistic surveys collect bumblebee specimens. walking transects were followed accessible places along Kaligandaki, Marshyandi, and Budhigandaki river basins different habitats (e.g., agricultural, forest, grassland home garden). identified 16 Bombus sampling areas. highest relative abundance B. haemorrhoidalis (20%), by festivus (20%) eximius (19%). least abundant branickii, miniatus, novus, pressus with 1% each. examined effects on richness found a significant relationship. Highest detected mid-elevation. Likewise, diversity forest habitat Gorkha site (n = 12, Shannon index H’ 2.18) Mustang 11, 2.10). Whereas, comparatively, higher comparing Manang Mustang. create immense variations microclimatic conditions vegetation dynamics, which influence abundance, diversities study area. mid-elevation range (2000–3000 m asl) CHAL exhibited probably due availability pollinator-dependent flowering plants this range. landcover anthropogenic activities gradient is governing factor for composition, distribution CHAL. recommend decision-makers formulating their conservation strategies under socio-ecological framework.